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The newborn does not distinguish between objects and phenomena of the outside world; he does not even distinguish the mother from other people. It is only with the passage of time, little by little, that he begins to distinguish them from each other, accumulating knowledge about external objects and phenomena. This familiarization is accomplished through the external senses. The external senses are as follows: sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. Each of these external senses has a special organ: the eyes serve as the organ of vision, the ears serve as the organ of hearing, the surface of the body is the organ of touch, the tongue is the organ of taste, and the inner surface of the nose is the organ of smell.
The activity of the external senses is not revealed simultaneously. First, the activity of touch and taste is manifested. A newborn baby screams when the temperature changes or if something bitter or sour gets into his mouth. From the third week, he turns his eyes to the light and begins to distinguish light impressions. Around the same time, he begins to distinguish sounds. The first perceptions of an infant's impressions are extremely vague and unclear. Looking, for example, at a burning candle, the child perceives the general impression of light, without distinguishing the object from which it emanates. When experiencing pain from an injection, he does not know the cause of the pain, or even the place where the pain is felt. It is only with the passage of time, little by little, that the impressions perceived by the external senses become clear to him.
Each of the organs of the external senses serves as a vehicle only for impressions corresponding to it; thus, with the organ of vision we only see objects, but cannot hear sounds; with the organ of hearing we only hear sounds, but do not see objects, etc
. Deprivation of any external sense leads to the fact that a person does not have knowledge perceived by this sense.. So, a person born blind has no idea about light and darkness, about the color of objects; a deaf mute has no idea about sounds, tones, he does not hear articulate speech and therefore cannot learn to speak.
But even a weak development of one or another external sense leads to weakness and incompleteness of perception of impressions through this sense. Thus, a person with weak eyesight does not fully clearly distinguish objects, like a person with good eyesight. Similarly, a person with poor hearing does not perceive sounds to the same extent as a person with good hearing.
This shows the need to take care of the education of the external senses.
The education of the external senses consists, on the one hand, in the hygienic care of the organs of the external senses, and, on the other, in the development of their activities. Ambo Market